如何察看oracle进程消耗的内存

经常有人问到如何在unix下确定进程消耗的内存资源，以及为何top工具的显示非常高。

有人说top的输出不精确，这种说法是不确切的。实际上是top输出显示的oracle进程内存使用，包含了sga部分。这也是sga的意义所在。

sga可以被共享，可以被所有进程所访问，在进程的寻址空间里就包含了sga的大小。

至于如何更为精确的确定进程的内存消耗，本文简要介绍如下（在quickio下，你可能无法看到本文描述情况）：

1.系统平台及数据库版本

$ uname -asunos billing 5.8 generic_108528-23 sun4u sparc sunw,ultra-4sun microsystems inc.   sunos 5.8       generic patch   october 2001$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"sql*plus: release 9.2.0.4.0 - production on sun nov 28 10:48:00 2004copyright (c) 1982, 2002, oracle corporation.  all rights reserved.connected to:oracle9i enterprise edition release 9.2.0.4.0 - 64bit productionwith the partitioning, olap and oracle data mining optionsjserver release 9.2.0.4.0 - productionsql> select * from v$version;banner----------------------------------------------------------------oracle9i enterprise edition release 9.2.0.4.0 - 64bit productionpl/sql release 9.2.0.4.0 - productioncore    9.2.0.3.0       productiontns for solaris: version 9.2.0.4.0 - productionnlsrtl version 9.2.0.4.0 - productionsql> show sgatotal system global area  253200688 bytesfixed size                   731440 bytesvariable size             167772160 bytesdatabase buffers           83886080 bytesredo buffers                 811008 bytessql> exitdisconnected from oracle9i enterprise edition release 9.2.0.4.0 - 64bit productionwith the partitioning, olap and oracle data mining optionsjserver release 9.2.0.4.0 - production

2.top输出

$ topload averages:  0.12,  0.05,  0.04         billing                10:49:5254 processes:  52 sleeping, 1 stopped, 1 on cpucpu states: 99.3% idle,  0.0% user,  0.3% kernel,  0.4% iowait,  0.0% swapmemory: 2.0g real, 1.2g free, 404m swap in use, 5.1g swap free   pid username thr pr nce  size   res state   time flts    cpu command 10027 oracle     1 58   0 2568k 1680k cpu03   0:00    0  0.09% top 10052 oracle     1 58   0  322m  275m sleep  21:18    0  0.01% oracle 11264 oracle 22 58  0  329m 275m sleep  59:01 0  0.00% oracle 10056 oracle     1 58   0  322m  275m sleep   3:04    0  0.00% oracle 11262 oracle    14 58   0  331m  270m sleep  73:55    0  0.00% oracle 11260 oracle   258 59   0  333m  274m sleep  52:46    0  0.00% oracle 11266 oracle     1 58   0  325m  276m sleep  26:50    0  0.00% oracle 10054 oracle     1 59   0  322m  275m sleep  18:27    0  0.00% oracle 23519 oracle     1 55   0  322m  278m sleep   0:50    0  0.00% oracle 11258 oracle     1 59   0  323m  271m sleep   0:31    0  0.00% oracle 11285 oracle     1 58   0 17.3m 3848k sleep   0:20    0  0.00% tnslsnr 11270 oracle     1 58   0  322m  271m sleep   0:06    0  0.00% oracle  2990 oracle     1 59   0  322m  276m sleep   0:04    0  0.00% oracle  9872 oracle     1 48   0 1880k 1192k sleep   0:00    0  0.00% ksh 23498 oracle     1 58   0  323m  278m sleep   0:00    0  0.00% oracle

3.pmap输出及进程内存计算

$ ps -ef|grep ora_  oracle  9881  9872  0 10:49:57 pts/2    0:00 grep ora_  oracle 11258     1  0   jul 19 ?        0:31 ora_pmon_hsbill  oracle 11260     1  0   jul 19 ?       52:47 ora_dbw0_hsbill  oracle 11262     1  0   jul 19 ?       73:55 ora_lgwr_hsbill  oracle 11264     1  0   jul 19 ?       59:01 ora_ckpt_hsbill  oracle 11266     1  0   jul 19 ?       26:50 ora_smon_hsbill  oracle 11268     1  0   jul 19 ?        0:00 ora_reco_hsbill  oracle 11270     1  0   jul 19 ?        0:06 ora_cjq0_hsbill  oracle 10054     1  0   nov 02 ?       18:27 ora_j001_hsbill  oracle 10052     1  0   nov 02 ?       21:19 ora_j000_hsbill  oracle  2990     1  0   nov 25 ?        0:05 ora_j003_hsbill  oracle 10056     1  0   nov 02 ?        3:04 ora_j002_hsbill  oracle  8879     1  0 09:54:32 ?        0:00 ora_j004_hsbill$ pmap 1126411264:  ora_ckpt_hsbill0000000100000000  53824k read/exec         /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/oracle000000010358e000    872k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/oracle0000000103668000   7968k read/write/exec     [ heap ]0000000380000000 266240k read/write/exec/shared  [ ism shmid=0x64 ]ffffffff7c802000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c814000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c826000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c838000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c84a000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c85c000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c86e000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c880000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c892000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c8a4000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c8b6000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c8c8000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c8d6000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c8da000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c8e8000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c8ec000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c8fa000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c8fe000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c90c000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c910000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7c91e000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca02000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca10000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca14000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca22000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca26000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca34000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca38000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca46000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca4a000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca58000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca5c000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca6a000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca6e000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca7c000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca80000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca8e000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ca92000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7caa0000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7caa4000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cab2000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cab6000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cac4000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cac8000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cad6000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cada000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cae8000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7caec000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cafa000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cafe000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cb0c000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cb10000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cb1e000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cc00000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7cd00000     24k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/nss_files.so.1ffffffff7ce06000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/nss_files.so.1ffffffff7cf00000      8k read/write          [ anon ]ffffffff7cf10000      8k read/write          [ anon ]ffffffff7cf50000      8k read/write          [ anon ]ffffffff7cf60000     16k read/write          [ anon ]ffffffff7cf68000     32k read/write          [ anon ]ffffffff7d000000     16k read/exec         /usr/platform/sun4u/lib/sparcv9/libc_psr.so.1ffffffff7d100000     16k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libmp.so.2ffffffff7d204000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libmp.so.2ffffffff7d300000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7d400000     88k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libm.so.1ffffffff7d516000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libm.so.1ffffffff7d600000      8k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libkstat.so.1ffffffff7d702000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libkstat.so.1ffffffff7d800000     32k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/librt.so.1ffffffff7d908000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/librt.so.1ffffffff7da00000     32k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libaio.so.1ffffffff7db08000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libaio.so.1ffffffff7dc00000    720k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1ffffffff7ddb4000     56k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1ffffffff7ddc2000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1ffffffff7df00000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7e000000     32k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libgen.so.1ffffffff7e108000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libgen.so.1ffffffff7e200000    672k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1ffffffff7e3a8000     56k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1ffffffff7e3b6000     40k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1ffffffff7e400000   5328k read/exec         /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.soffffffff7ea32000    384k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.soffffffff7ea92000      8k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.soffffffff7eb00000     56k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libsocket.so.1ffffffff7ec0e000     16k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libsocket.so.1ffffffff7ed00000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ee00000     32k read/exec         /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxn9.soffffffff7ef06000      8k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxn9.soffffffff7f000000      8k read/exec         /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxp9.soffffffff7f100000      8k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxp9.soffffffff7f200000      8k read/exec         /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libodmd9.soffffffff7f300000      8k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libodmd9.soffffffff7f400000      8k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libdl.so.1ffffffff7f500000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7f600000    152k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/ld.so.1ffffffff7f724000     16k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/ld.so.1ffffffff7fffa000     24k read/write          [ stack ]         total   337360k$

计算后台进程使用的内存资源:

337360k - 266240k = 71,120k

这就是一个进程所消耗的内存.

4.用户进程内存使用举例

$ ps -ef|grep local  oracle 10080  9872  0 11:00:25 pts/2    0:00 grep local  oracle 23498     1  0   nov 25 ?        0:00 oraclehsbill (local=no)  oracle 23519     1  0   nov 25 ?        0:50 oraclehsbill (local=no)$ pmap 2351923519:  oraclehsbill (local=no)0000000100000000  53824k read/exec         /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/oracle000000010358e000    872k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/oracle0000000103668000    848k read/write/exec     [ heap ]0000000380000000 266240k read/write/exec/shared  [ ism shmid=0x64 ]ffffffff7cc00000      8k read/write          [ anon ]ffffffff7cc10000      8k read/write          [ anon ]ffffffff7cc50000    136k read/write          [ anon ]ffffffff7cc76000     40k read/write          [ anon ]ffffffff7cd00000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ce00000     24k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/nss_files.so.1ffffffff7cf06000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/nss_files.so.1ffffffff7d000000     16k read/exec         /usr/platform/sun4u/lib/sparcv9/libc_psr.so.1ffffffff7d100000     16k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libmp.so.2ffffffff7d204000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libmp.so.2ffffffff7d300000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7d400000     88k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libm.so.1ffffffff7d516000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libm.so.1ffffffff7d600000      8k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libkstat.so.1ffffffff7d702000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libkstat.so.1ffffffff7d800000     32k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/librt.so.1ffffffff7d908000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/librt.so.1ffffffff7da00000     32k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libaio.so.1ffffffff7db08000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libaio.so.1ffffffff7dc00000    720k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1ffffffff7ddb4000     56k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1ffffffff7ddc2000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1ffffffff7df00000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7e000000     32k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libgen.so.1ffffffff7e108000      8k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libgen.so.1ffffffff7e200000    672k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1ffffffff7e3a8000     56k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1ffffffff7e3b6000     40k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1ffffffff7e400000   5328k read/exec         /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.soffffffff7ea32000    384k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.soffffffff7ea92000      8k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.soffffffff7eb00000     56k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libsocket.so.1ffffffff7ec0e000     16k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/libsocket.so.1ffffffff7ed00000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7ee00000     32k read/exec         /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxn9.soffffffff7ef06000      8k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxn9.soffffffff7f000000      8k read/exec         /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxp9.soffffffff7f100000      8k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxp9.soffffffff7f200000      8k read/exec         /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libodmd9.soffffffff7f300000      8k read/write/exec   /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libodmd9.soffffffff7f400000      8k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/libdl.so.1ffffffff7f500000      8k read/write/exec     [ anon ]ffffffff7f600000    152k read/exec         /usr/lib/sparcv9/ld.so.1ffffffff7f724000     16k read/write/exec   /usr/lib/sparcv9/ld.so.1ffffffff7fff2000     56k read/write          [ stack ]         total   329968k$

从pmap的输出中我们可以看到进程所调用的库文件等，及其读写状态。